Demonstrations  250 kW CHP SOFC System 250 kW Proof-of-Concept DemonstrationThe largest atmospheric pressure SOFC system ever built, a 250 kW CHP system, began operation in 2003 in Toronto, Canada, at the test facilities of Kinectrics Inc. The system demonstration was sponsored by Ontario Power Generation, the US Department of Energy and National Resources Canada. Kinectrics, Inc. was responsible for system integration at the Kippling test facility in Toronto. The system was designed by Siemens Power Generation, fabricated by both Siemens Power Generation and Kinectrics, and assembled in Kinectrics' facility in Toronto. Siemens Power Generation supplied the SOFC module and other equipment, and Kinectrics supplied the rest of the balance of plant systems to Siemens Power Generation specifications. This demonstration tested the operation of twin SOFC modules, as well as cost reductions implemented since earlier demonstrations. As of 2004 the system has operated for more than 1,100 hours.
100 kW SOFC Cogeneration SystemA 100 kW SOFC cogeneration system supplied by Siemens Power Generation successfully operated in the Netherlands. This system was supplied to EDB/Elsam, a group of Dutch and Danish utilities, where it operated for 16,667 hours at a peak power of ~140 kW. It typically fed 109 kW into the local grid and 64 kW of hot water into the local district heating system and operated consistently at an electrical efficiency of 46%. Equally significant, it was the first demonstration of the commercial prototype 150cm cells in a full-scale SOFC module. The performance of the system exceeded expectations, and equally important, there was no performance degradation.
 A 100 kW SOFC cogeneration system installed at the village of Westervoort, near Arnhem, Netherlands
In March 2001 the system was moved from the Netherlands to a site in Essen, Germany, where it was operated by the German utility RWE for an additional 3,700 hours, for a total of over 20,000 hours.
 A 100 kW SOFC cogeneration system installed at RWE in Essen, Germany  The major components of the 100 kW system
 The first SOFC/gas turbine hybrid system 220 kW SOFC/gas turbine hybrid system at National Fuel Cell Research Center (NFCRC), Irvine, California - the world's first!The world's first SOFC/gas turbine hybrid system was delivered to Southern California Edison for operation at the University of California, Irvine's National Fuel Cell Research Center. The hybrid system included a pressurized SOFC module integrated with a microturbine/generator supplied by Ingersoll-Rand Energy Systems (formerly Northern Research and Engineering Corp.) The system had a design output of 220 kW, with 200 kW from the SOFC and 20 from the microturbine generator. This system, a photograph of which is shown at the left, was the proof-of-concept demonstration of the SOFC/gas turbine hybrid concept. As a proof of concept demonstration it succeeded in demonstrating the concept and the operating characteristics and parameters of pressurized hybrids. It operated for nearly 3400 hours, and achieved an electrical efficiency of ~53%. This is the highest known electrical efficiency achieved by any large-scale fuel cell system. Eventually, such SOFC/GT hybrids should be capable of electrical efficiencies of 60-70%.
25 kW SOFC system at National Fuel Cell Research Center (NFCRC), Irvine, CaliforniaA 25 kW field test system in California at the NFCRC at the University of California, Irvine has operated for more than 11,000 hours on a variety of fuels, including natural gas, diesel and jet fuel. The system was restarted in August 2000 after being idle for two years. It started up with no difficulty and continues to be available for operation, demonstrating the excellent shelf life of tubular SOFC systems. An earlier Siemens Power Generation test unit in the 25 kW range operated for more than 13,000 hours, with a non-stop run of over 6500 hours. This system was sponsored by Tokyo Gas and Osaka Gas of Japan.
 25 kW SOFC System at National Fuel Cell Research Center, Irvine, California Other ProjectsAs part of a cooperative agreement with Fuel Cell Technologies Limited (FCT), Siemens Power Generation is the generator component and subsystem supplier for the FCT 5 kW SOFC product line. Pictured here is a 5 kW Alpha system supplied by FCT to several demonstration sites in North America.
 Fuel Cell Technologies 5 kW system, which contains the Siemens Power Generation generator component
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